A. Comprehension check

1:

1. F 2.T 3.N 4.T 5.F

2:

(A) b

(B) Exercise helps you burn the extra fat that is stored in the body.

(C) 1. When we exercise, our body can release endorphins, chemicals that

create a happy feeling.

2. When we are breathing deeply during exercise and bringing more air

into our longs, our brain enjoys the extra oxygen.

3. When we are active and running around, sometimes it is hard to think

about what was bothering us.

3: For discussion

B. Sentence Functions

1:

a. It makes my heart happy.

b. It makes my muscles stronger.

c. It makes me flexible.

d. It keeps me at a healthy weight.

2: Questions and Answers vary.

C. Reading Skills

1:

1. 5 headings

2. Exercise makes your heart happy.

Lesson 1

3. Exercise keeps you at a healthy weight.

4. Exercise makes you feel good.

5. He wants to give the reader several reasons why exercise is important.

He puts each reason under one heading.

2:

Word

Paragraph

Number

Definition

aerobic 3 needing oxygen

repetitive 3 that you do over and over

endorphins 7 chemicals that create a happy feeling

proud 8 feeling better about yourself

D. Vocabulary Review

1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B

Focus on Grammar

1. When (وقتي که)

2. Because (چون)

3. Condition (The idea that neither this condition nor that condition

matters).(چه اين چه آن)

Grammar Practice

1:

1.c 2.e 3. a 4.b 5.d

2:

1. whether

3. when

3. as

4. as

5. since

3:

1. As I felt really tired, I stayed at home and had a rest.

2. The little boy felt lonely since no one played with him.

4. You will have to do this job whether you like it or not.

5. Ali heard the news on the radio as he was driving home.

6. My brother usually gets a headache when he watches TV for a long

time.

A. Comprehension check

1:

1. F 2.T 3.T 4.N 5.T

2:

(A) C

(B) Suggested answer: To build a warm and positive relationship with the

audience you can have friendly facial expressions.

(C) Be aware of habits you might have like crossing your arms, leaning

against a wall, or tapping a pen.

3:

Statement Good effect Bad effect

1. Bad effect

2. Bad effect

3. Good effect

4. Bad effect

5. Good effect

4: For discussion. Suggested answers

1. Voice projection

2. Teaching, business, religion…

3. Yes, they can. Giving speech is a skill that everyone can learn with

practice.

B. Sentence Functions

1: (Suggested answers)

1. Use pauses instead of saying “Uh”, and “Umm” and you “know”.

Lesson 2

2. Increase and decrease the volume of your voice to emphasize main

points.

3. Record your voice to see where changes are necessary.

2:

Aspects of giving a speech How Dave can improve this aspect?

1. Keep eye contact with the audience.

2. Ok

3. Use an attractive opening sentence.

4. Ok

5. Involve the audience by asking questions.

6.

Include personal stories to add fun to your

speech.

7. Use humor in your speech.

8. Ok

9.

Change the volume of your voice for

emphasis.

C. Reading Skills

Word Meaning

silence being silent

confident having confidence

emotionless without emotion

facial on a person’s face

react Act or behave as a result

D. Vocabulary Review

1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. a

Focus on Grammar (1)

Verb + object + bare infinitive Verb + object + infinitive

help , let, make help, allow, force

Grammar Practice

1:

1. lets …ride

2. lets …read

3. lets …work

4. makes …do

5. make …understand

2:

1. He makes them take the course seriously.

2. He makes them work hard.

3. He doesn’t let them leave without permission.

4. He doesn’t let them be late for class.

5. He makes them take notes during his presentation.

3:

1. You will improve your speaking ability by practicing hard.

2. You can make more eye contact by knowing your speech well.

3. You will distract your audience by moving too much.

4. You will show respect to your audience by wearing formal clothes.

5. You can make your lecture interesting by using your sense of humor.

6. You can control your nervousness by breathing deeply several times.

A. Comprehension check

1:

1. T 2. F 3.T 4.N 5.T

2:

(A)

Describing weather Describing climate Effects of global warming

Describing Weather 3, 6

Describing Climate 2, 5

Effects of Global Warming 1, 4

 

(B) Scientists think that as we use more gasoline and electricity, the earth is

going to get warmer. They believe that we know enough about the problem to

take some actions.

(C) It means to catch and keep heat in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases like Co2 and methane make the earth warmer by trapping

heat in the atmosphere.

3: For discussion

B. Sentence Functions

1:

a. Climate change is a change in the general weather patterns.

b. Solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun.

2:

a. Forest is a large area of land covered with trees, bushes, etc.

Lesson 3

b. Researcher is a person who studies something to find out more about

it.

c. Trash is things that we throw away because we do not want or need

them.

C. Reading skills

1:

Check if it refers to

something

Pronoun /

Adjective

Paragraph &

line number

Before after

Copy down what it refers to

itself P1 , L3, before, the earth

another P1 , L4, after, the reason that human activities like cutting down the trees,

producing trash, and burning fuels are making the earth warmer

its P3 , L3, before, city

they P4 , L5, before, scientists

this P5 , L8, before, what scientists tell us about the possible effects of climate change

2:

word meaning

global= of the whole world

mild= not cold

save= dont use too much

decrease= go down

reduce= bring down

solar= of the sun

inaction= lack of action

D. Vocabulary Review

1.a 2.c 3.b 4.b 5.a

Grammar Practice

1:

1. written 2. studying 3. concerned 4. written 5. releasing

2:

1. The cars releasing green house gases………..

2. The scientists ……….. problem caused by human beings.

3. Anyone interested in healthy living ………..

4. The plastic bags produced in this factory………………. .

5. The cars making a lot of noise pollution……………………….. .

3:

1. Acid rain created by burning of gas, oil, and coal destroys forests.

2. Factories burning coal and oil help increase pollution.

3. The greenhouse effect enhanced by human activities is dangerous or

the planet.

4. Trash believed to be useless can be burned to produce energy.

5. Farming produces another greenhouse gas called methane.

A. comprehension check

1:

1. T 2.F 3.F 4.N 5.T

2:

(A) b

(B) The problem is finding the exact area where and when a strong shock will

happen.

(C) occur in less populated places.

3: For Discussion

B. Sentence Functions

Stay calm.

Stand in a doorway.

Go under a desk or a table.

Stay away from the windows.

Lesson 4

C. Reading Skills

1:

Put

mark

More

other

lessons

Functions

,P1, L2,5

P3, L4, 5

P8, L5, 7

P9, L2, 4, 6

P10, L2

Lesson 1

P1, L3

P2, L2

P7, L2

Lesson 2

P7, L1

Lesson 3

P1, L2

P6, L2

- to separate words or phrases in a list

- used before and after a clause or phrase that gives

extra information about the noun it follows

- to separate phrases or clauses

- to separate an introductory word or phrase

:

P1 L1 Lesson 3

P2 L1

P3 L1

P7 L1

Lesson 1

P6 L1

- to introduce a list of items before a clause or phrase

that gives more information about the main clause to

introduce one’s exact words

; P3 L4 Lesson 2

P9 L3

Lesson 4

P3 L4

- to separate a phrase from the rest of a sentence or

show a summary or conclusion

- used before and after a phrase to give extra

information

_ Lesson 3

P5, L2

P8, L1

- to separate a phrase from the rest of a sentence to

show a summary or conclusion

- used before and after a phrase to give extra

information

2:

Word Paragraph meaning

layer 1 a flat piece of sth or a quality of sth that covers a surface or

that is between two other things

cabinet 7 cupboard; piece of furniture with shelves and drawers to keep

things

mechanism 7 the way sth work

underpass 9 a road that passes under another one

overpass 9 a road that passes over another one

D.

1.c 2.a 3.c 4.a 5.b

Focus on Grammar

1. …so …. too

2. …such…

3. …enough…

4. …enough…

5. …so…

6. …enough/too…

7. …too…

Grammar practice

1:

1. so 2. enough 3. too 4. so 5. such

2:

1. … experience enough… .

…enough experience… .

2. …such simple… .

…so simple… .

3. … so

…such… .

4. … too … .

….so … .

5. …too fast … .

…fast enough… .

3:

1. The Teacher spoke so quickly that the students could not understand

him.

2. It was such a hot day that we decided to go swimming.

3. That dress is too expensive for Sheila to buy.

4. There is not enough light to take the photographs.

5. The room is large enough to hold at least 30 guests.

A. Comprehension Check

1:

1.F 2.T 3.N 4.T 5.F

2:

(A) C

(B) Luckily, people are becoming aware of the serious social,

economic and developmental effects of child labor.

(C) It shows why the employers hire children.

3: For Discussion

B. Sentence Functions

1:

a. Work done around the house.

b. Work for an organization during the summer or over a vacation to

learn about a specific kind of work

2:

a. factories with harmful smokes in the air.

b. handling dangerous materials

c. using tools and machines which are not designed for them.

3:

a. pressure of poverty

b. adult unemployment

c. irrelevant education system

C. Reading Skills

Lesson 5

1:

1.2 2.1 3.7 4.9 5.6 6.2 7.8 8.4

2:

word paragraph meaning

handle 5 touch

economically 6 of the economy

estimate 6 guess

hire 8 employ

discipline 8 control

strategy 9 way of doing sth

D. vocabulary review

1. prevent 2. willing 3. poverty 4. handle 5. common

6. emotional 7. education 8. specific

Grammar Practice

1:

1. Some ………, while others disagree.

2. Ali likes ………., whereas his brother enjoys pop music.

3. Some…………, while others do not.

4. Farid is ……….., whereas his……………... .

5. Tabriz …………, while Abadan………….. .

6. Mrs Rahimi ………… , while her husband doesn’t care about them.

2:

1. Sima likes hard work, while Leila is a bit lazy.

2. Sima plays indoor sports, whereas Leila likes outdoor sports.

3. Sima reads a lot of books, whereas Leila watches TV a lot.

4. While Sima gets up very early, Leila gets out of bed rather late.

5. Sima wants to go to university, whereas Leila is not interested in

higher education.

3:

1. ………, his brother is quite lazy

2. ………., while others send them to school/ dont let their children

work.

3. ………… others don’t pay much attention to them.

4. …………., child labor is common in rural areas.

5. ………….., work that stops children from going to school is child

labor.

A. Comprehension Check

1:

1. F 2.T 3.N 4.F 5.T

2:

(A) d

(B) try to find more about Earth, the solar system and what is beyond.

(C) they are thinking of building places to live on the moon, or even Mars.

3: For Discussion

B. Sentence functions

a. A space probe is a robot vehicle used in order to explore deep space.

b. A satellite is any natural body, like the moon, or any artificial object that orbits

another object.

c. A telescope is an instrument that magnifies or makes larger, distant objects.

Voyager I , Voyager II, Viking I and Viking II

- Oxygen can be taken from some moon’s rocks.

- Ice at the moon poles can be used to provide a moon base with water.

- For electricity the base could use solar energy.

Lesson 6

C. Reading skills

1:

When Who?/ What? The event

1609 Galileo using the first telescope

1659 Issac Newton using a better telescope to

observe other objects in space.

1957 Former Soviet Union launching Sputnik I

1967-1972 Apollo mission landing humans on the moon

1976 Viking I and II landing on Mars

1977 Voyager I and II sending back pictures from

space

1998 ISS launching of the first units of

the ISS

2:

Word Paragraph meaning

Cave 1 a large hole in a

side of a cliff or hill,

or under the ground.

Device 1 an instrument

Era 7 period

pole 8 two opposite ends of

the axis

Mineral 8 a substance such as

salt that is formed

naturally in rocks.

D. Vocabulary Review

1. vehicles 2. details 3. magnify 4. observed

5. artificial 6. distant 7. allowed 8. measured

Grammar Practice

1:

1. to/in order to

2. so that

3. to/in order to

4. to/ in order to

5. so that

2:

1. I’m going to the library to return a book.

2. I get up early every day to get to school on time.

3. He went to Canada to continue his studies.

4. They launched a new space probe to learn more about Mars.

5. She exercises regularly to remain healthy.

3:

1. He has ………. in order to get more exercise.

2. I …………. so as not to forget it.

3. Ali …………….. so that he could see the football game.

4. Mary ……………….. so that she can ……………. car.

5. Reza………………… so as not to disturb his roommate.

A. Comprehension check

1:

1. F 2.T 3.N 4.F 5.T

2:

(A) a

(B) The main difference between reading a newspaper and reading

the news on the web is that in the first one others decide what news we

get to see and what comments to put on it, whereas in the second one we

decide what to read.

(C) No one can know all the details about the Net since different

parts of it have already developed their own features.

3: For Discussion

B. Sentence Functions

Definition

a. A computer is a programmable machine that accepts data and

processes them into information we can use.

b. Online means using a computer or other information devices,

connected by means of a network, to access information and services.

c. The Internet is a system that lets computers all over the world talk to

each other.

Lesson 7

Examples of

a. personal computers (PCS), new forms of telescopes, television,

different handheld devices.

b. telephone, radio, television, internet

c. web, newsgroups, mailing lists and chat.

d. postal mail, the fax machine, the public library, the newspaper.

e. e-mail, access to web, newsgroups, mailing lists, file transfers, the

ability to log on to other computers.

Explanation

The Internet is great since it brings together the best qualities of the

communication systems that were used before and, at the same time, improves on

their worst features.

D. Reading skills

1:

One of the most interesting things about information is that we are able to get and

use it on many new and different kinds of information technologies such as

computers, radios, TVs, telephones, fax machines, etc. Among all these, computers

have attracted the most attention since they have made it possible to store and

process a large amount of information in a very short time.

But in today’s world, people need to share information as well. This is done

through a technology that connects the computers all over the world together,

called "Internet" This technology has made it possible for people to communicate

with one another effectively and inexpensively. There are many things to do, see,

and play with on the Internet than you could ever get to in a lifetime. The Internet

provides many information services such as e-mail, file transfers, access to stored

information and programs, newsgroups, and multimedia resources. You can do

online shopping, chat, find jobs, advertise, and have education from distance.

However, the Internet is so great that we will never be able to know all the details

about it.

2:

Word Paragraph Meaning

handheld 1 Things you can hold in your

hand

connect 1 Join

destination 5 A place to which sb/sth is

going or being sent

update 5 To add the most recent

information to sth

D. Vocabulary review

1. destination 2. definitions 3. save 4. access

5. connected 6. advertising 7. forwarded 8. purpose

Focus on Grammar

1  اگرچه، گرچه .

2. contrast, تقابل، تضاد

Grammar Practice

1:

1.e 2.d 3.c 4.a 5.b

2:

1. Although the weather was bad, we went ………

2. ………, though she didn’t really need it.

3. Even though…… , he never sends me any e-mails.

4. Although …………, he doesn’t help the poor.

5. Though Anita………..., she never does any exercise.

3:

1. ………, it may cause some problems.

2. ………, though she is only a beginner.

3. ………, there are a number of accidents each year.

4. ………., it is used by different organizations today.

5. …………, we have to use it most of the time.

A. Comprehension Check

1:

1.N 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F

6.F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.N

2:

(A) a

(B) a

(C) Mother Teresa felt she had a duty to help the poor.

Thomas Edison never stopped studying and experimenting.

3: For Discussion

B. Reading skills

1:

Mother Teresa

1910 born in Skopje

1922 was a student at a Roman Catholic elementary school

1928 became a nun

1929 taught at St. Marys high school

1946 left the convent and devoted herself to working among the poor.

1950 started her own religious community.

1979 received the Noble Peace Prize

1997 died

Lesson 8

2:

Unfamiliar Word Paragraph Meaning

training MT 1 practical teaching

superior MT 2 person having a higher rank

official MT 2 person in charge

impression MT 2 influence

annoy TE 2 make sb. sad/upset

C. Vocabulary Review

1. permission 2. suffers 3. dedicated 4. training

5. performance 6. join 7. religious 8. annoyed

Focus on Grammar

No, she isnt. She doesnt have enough information.

Thomas Edison

1847 was born

1871 started his first lab

1871 married

1

1876 built a big factory

1877 invented the phonograph

1879 developed the first successful light bulb

1931 died

Grammar Practice

1:

1. ……………… should……………… .

2. ………………must………………….. .

3. ………………should……………….. .

4. ………………may/might…………… .

2:

1. She may have forgotten that she has a class.

2. She must have left home too late.

3. You should have e-mailed me.

4. I might have left them in my car.

 

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